Lithium-ion battery risks detailed in new CROSS UK paper

Collaborative Reporting for Safer Structures (CROSS UK) has published a Topic Paper examining the fire hazards associated with lithium-ion batteries in the built environment.

The paper presents information from publicly available research, industry guidance, and confidential reports within the UK.

It highlights the fire and explosion risks posed by both battery-powered devices and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS).

According to CROSS UK, lithium-ion batteries are used in smartphones, laptops, electric vehicles, and other applications due to their high energy density and long lifespan.

However, they also present safety challenges, particularly in the event of thermal runaway, a self-sustaining reaction that can lead to fires or explosions.

Understanding thermal runaway and its hazards

Thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries can be triggered by overcharging, short-circuiting, or overheating.

Once initiated, it can cause rapid temperature increases, producing flammable and toxic vapours.

These incidents are difficult to control, with batteries capable of reigniting due to residual heat.

In some cases, they may react violently with common extinguishing agents.

CROSS UK’s paper warns that stakeholders must be aware of these risks and implement mitigation measures.

Recommended safety measures

The Topic Paper outlines several strategies to manage lithium-ion battery fire risks.

These include the use of battery management systems (BMS), fire detection and suppression systems, safe storage and disposal practices, adequate ventilation, and regular inspections.

CROSS UK states that emergency procedures should also be in place to respond to battery-related fire incidents effectively.

Intended audience for the paper

CROSS UK’s paper is relevant for those responsible for designing, constructing, and managing the built environment.

The organisation recommends it be reviewed by local authorities, building control bodies, developers, building surveyors, architects, fire engineers, facilities managers, and fire and rescue services.

The paper is also aimed at owners and occupiers of buildings where lithium-ion battery technology is in use or planned for installation.

Fire hazards of lithium-ion batteries in buildings: Summary

CROSS UK has published a Topic Paper examining fire risks associated with lithium-ion batteries in the built environment.

The report explains how thermal runaway can cause fires or explosions, making them difficult to control due to flammable vapours, potential reignition, and reactions with extinguishing agents.

The paper highlights the importance of safety measures, including battery management systems, fire detection and suppression systems, ventilation, and emergency procedures.

CROSS UK advises that those responsible for the design, construction, and management of buildings should stay informed about lithium-ion battery risks.

The full paper is available on the CROSS UK website.