Knowing how to use a fire extinguisher is not just a valuable skill but a critical aspect of ensuring safety in any environment. 

Fires can erupt suddenly and escalate rapidly, posing immediate threats to life and property. 

Being equipped with the knowledge of how to operate a fire extinguisher can make the difference between containing a small fire and facing a potentially devastating situation.

But how do you use a fire extinguisher?

This article aims to empower individuals by providing essential insights into the effective use of fire extinguishers. 

Whether at home, in the workplace, or in public spaces, understanding the principles behind each type of extinguisher and how to apply them correctly is paramount. 

By familiarising yourself with these basics, you’ll be better prepared to respond calmly and effectively in the event of a fire emergency, potentially minimising its impact and safeguarding those around you.

What are the Different Types of Fire Extinguishers?

Understanding the different types of fire extinguishers is crucial for effective fire suppression. 

Each type of fire extinguisher is identified by a colour-coded label and symbol that indicates the classes of fires it is suitable for. 

It’s essential to choose the correct type of extinguisher based on the specific classes of fire in your environment to ensure safe and effective firefighting. 

Regular maintenance and proper training in the use of extinguishers are also critical for preparedness in emergencies.

Here’s an overview of the most common types:

Water Fire Extinguishers

Water extinguishers are suitable for Class A fires, which involve ordinary combustibles like wood, paper, and fabrics. 

They work by cooling the fire and lowering the temperature below its ignition point.

Foam Fire Extinguishers

Foam extinguishers are effective against Class A and Class B fires. 

Class B fires involve flammable liquids such as gasoline, oils, and paints. 

Foam extinguishers create a blanket over the fuel, smothering the fire and preventing reignition.

Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers

Dry powder extinguishers are versatile and can be used on Class A, B, and C fires. 

Class C fires involve flammable gases like propane and methane. 

These extinguishers work by coating the fuel with a fine powder that interrupts the chemical reaction of the fire.

CO2 Fire Extinguishers

CO2 extinguishers are suitable for Class B and Class C fires. 

They work by displacing oxygen, which suffocates the fire. 

CO2 extinguishers are effective for electrical fires and flammable liquid fires (Class B).

Wet Chemical Fire Extinguishers

Wet chemical extinguishers are specifically designed for Class F fires, which involve cooking oils and fats. 

They work by creating a soapy layer on the surface of the burning oil, suppressing the fire and preventing splashing.

How Do You Use a Fire Extinguisher?

Using a fire extinguisher effectively can make a crucial difference in containing small fires before they escalate. 

Here’s a comprehensive guide on how to use a fire extinguisher:

Assess the Situation

Before attempting to use a fire extinguisher, evaluate the type of fire. 

Fire extinguishers are designed for specific classes of fires and using the wrong type can worsen the situation.

Choose the Right Extinguisher

Identify the correct type of fire extinguisher needed for the fire. 

The types include water, foam, dry powder, CO2, and wet chemical . 

The label on the extinguisher indicates the classes it can handle.

Remember PASS

The PASS method is vital for effective fire suppression:

• Pull the pin: This unlocks the operating lever.

• Aim low: Point the nozzle or hose at the base of the fire.

• Squeeze the handle: This releases the extinguishing agent.

• Sweep from side to side: Move the extinguisher nozzle or hose back and forth to cover the fire until it’s extinguished.

Position Yourself Safely

Stand about 6 to 8 feet away from the fire. 

This distance provides safety while allowing you to effectively aim the extinguisher at the base of the flames, and gives you the greatest chance of extinguishing the fire.

Activate the Extinguisher

Pull the pin or safety clip to unlock the operating lever. 

Some extinguishers may require twisting or other actions to activate.

Aim at the Base of the Fire

Direct the nozzle or hose toward the base of the flames, not at the top of the fire. 

This targets the source of the fire and helps smother it effectively.

Squeeze the Handle

Firmly squeeze the handle or lever to discharge the extinguishing agent. 

Maintain control of the extinguisher while applying the agent.

Sweep from Side to Side

Using a sweeping motion, move the nozzle or hose from side to side to cover the entire area of the fire. 

Continue until the flames are completely extinguished.

Monitor the Area

After extinguishing the fire, monitor the area for any signs of reignition. 

Stay cautious, as fires can rekindle from hidden hot spots.

Evacuate if Necessary

If the fire grows or becomes uncontrollable, evacuate the area immediately. 

Close doors behind you to contain the fire and alert others to evacuate.

After Use

Once the fire is out, let the area cool down and ventilate if necessary. 

Report the incident and ensure the fire extinguisher is refilled or replaced promptly.

What to do if You are Unable to Put Out a Fire Using a Fire Extinguisher?

If you find yourself unable to extinguish a fire using a fire extinguisher, follow these critical steps to ensure safety and minimise the fire’s impact:

Evacuate Immediately

If the fire continues to grow despite your efforts, prioritise your safety and evacuate the area. 

Alert others nearby and ensure everyone leaves the building or area safely.

Close Doors

As you evacuate, close any doors, not just fire doors, behind you to help contain the fire and prevent it from spreading further.

Call Emergency Services

Once you are safely outside, call the emergency services (fire department) immediately. 

Provide them with accurate information about the location, size, and nature of the fire.

Do Not Re-enter

Under no circumstances should you re-enter the building or area until emergency responders have declared it safe to do so. 

Fire can spread rapidly and unpredictably, posing serious risks to anyone inside.

Follow Emergency Procedures

Follow any emergency procedures or evacuation plans in place for the building. 

These plans are designed to ensure everyone’s safety in the event of a fire or other emergency.

Monitor the Situation

While waiting for emergency services to arrive, monitor the situation from a safe distance. 

Be prepared to provide additional information or assistance as needed.

Report the Incident

After the fire has been dealt with by professionals, report the incident to building management or authorities as required.

Conclusion

Hopefully this article has answered your question on exactly how do you use a fire extinguisher.

Knowing how to effectively use a fire extinguisher is crucial for protecting lives and property during emergencies. 

Each type of fire extinguisher is designed to combat specific classes of fires, so understanding their distinctions is essential. 

Remembering the PASS method – Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, and Sweep from side to side – provides a systematic approach to using an extinguisher effectively. 

Regular practice of these steps enhances familiarity and readiness, ensuring quick and confident action during a fire incident. 

By staying prepared and knowledgeable about fire extinguisher operation, individuals can play a proactive role in fire safety and potentially mitigate the impact of fires in their environments.