Fires can start unexpectedly and spread quickly. 

Knowing how to respond is essential. 

One common type of fire is an electrical fire. 

These fires involve electrical equipment and wiring. 

Knowing what extinguisher should be used for an electrical fire can prevent injuries and save property. 

This article will guide you on which extinguisher to use for electrical fires, how to use it, and how to handle electrical fire emergencies.

What Types of Fire Extinguishers are There?

There are 5 main types of fire extinguishers, each used for different classes of fire: 

Water

Water fire extinguishers are designed for Class A fires, which involve ordinary combustibles like wood, paper, and textiles. 

They work by cooling the burning material, which helps to extinguish the fire. 

Some water extinguishers are not suitable for electrical fires or fires involving flammable liquids and gases, as water can spread the fire or cause electric shock.

Foam

Foam fire extinguishers are suitable for Class A and Class B fires. 

They work by forming a blanket over the burning material, cutting off the fire’s oxygen supply and cooling the material. 

Foam extinguishers are effective on flammable liquids like petrol and oil, but they should not be used on electrical fires, as foam can conduct electricity and cause hazards.

Dry Powder

Dry powder fire extinguishers are versatile and can be used on Class A, B, and C fires. 

They contain a powder that smothers the fire, cutting off its oxygen supply. 

These extinguishers are suitable for flammable liquids, gases, and electrical fires. 

However, they leave a residue that can damage sensitive equipment and create a mess.

CO2

Carbon dioxide (CO2) fire extinguishers are primarily used for Class B and electrical fires. 

They work by displacing the oxygen around the fire and cooling it. CO2 extinguishers are ideal for electrical fires because they leave no residue and do not damage electrical equipment. 

However, they are not effective on Class A fires and should not be used in confined spaces due to the risk of asphyxiation.

Wet Chemical

Wet chemical fire extinguishers are specifically designed for Class F fires, which involve cooking oils and fats. 

They contain a solution that reacts with the burning oil to form a thick, soapy layer on the surface, cutting off the oxygen supply and cooling the oil. 

Wet chemical extinguishers are highly effective in commercial kitchens but are not suitable for other types of fires.

What Extinguisher Should Be Used for Electrical Fires?

For electrical fires, which are one of the most dangerous types of fire, the safest and most effective fire extinguishers are Dry Powder and CO2 (carbon dioxide) extinguishers.

Dry Powder Extinguishers

Dry Powder extinguishers are specifically designed for electrical fires. 

They contain non-conductive agents like dry chemicals, such as monoammonium phosphate or sodium bicarbonate. 

These agents interrupt the chemical reaction of the fire and do not conduct electricity, making them safe for use on electrical equipment.

CO2 Extinguishers

CO2 extinguishers are also suitable for electrical fires. 

Carbon dioxide is a non-conductive gas that displaces oxygen around the fire, suffocating it. 

Additionally, CO2 extinguishers cool the equipment, helping to prevent re-ignition. 

Since CO2 leaves no residue, it is ideal for use on sensitive electronic devices and machinery.

Certain Water-Based Fire Extinguishers

An approved water-based extinguisher or one that has passed a di-electrical test is safe to use on live electrical equipment up to 1000V, provided you maintain a distance of at least 1 meter.

This safety standard is recognized internationally and is outlined in the BS EN 3-7 product standard, ensuring its reliability and effectiveness.

What are the Dangers of Using the Wrong Fire Extinguisher Type on an Electrical Fire?

Using the wrong type of fire extinguisher on an electrical fire can pose several serious dangers.

Electric Shock

Water-based and foam extinguishers can conduct electricity. 

Using these on an electrical fire can result in electric shock to the person operating the extinguisher. 

This can lead to severe injury or even death.

Fire Spread

Some water and foam extinguishers are ineffective on electrical fires and can cause the fire to spread. 

Non-dielectric tested water extinguishers can cause the fire to spread to other areas by dripping into electrical systems and creating short circuits. 

Foam can have a similar effect by spreading conductive materials.

Equipment Damage

Using incorrect extinguishing agents can damage electrical equipment irreparably. 

For instance, dry powder extinguishers leave a residue that can harm sensitive electronics. 

This residue is difficult to clean and can cause long-term damage.

Ineffective Fire Suppression

Using an inappropriate extinguisher may provide ineffective fire suppression, leaving it to grow and become more dangerous. 

This inefficacy wastes critical time during an emergency, allowing the fire to spread and cause more damage.

Toxic Fumes

Using the wrong extinguisher can produce toxic fumes, especially if the extinguishing agent reacts with the burning materials. 

These fumes can be harmful if inhaled and pose additional health risks.

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher 

Knowing how to use a fire extinguisher properly is crucial for effectively combating small fires. 

The PASS technique is a simple method to remember:

Pull the Pin

Pull the pin at the top of the extinguisher. 

This action breaks the tamper seal and allows you to discharge the extinguisher.

Aim at the Base

Aim the nozzle or hose at the base of the fire. 

Focusing on the base, where the fuel source is, helps to extinguish the flames more effectively.

Squeeze the Handle

Squeeze the handle or lever slowly and evenly. 

This releases the extinguishing agent. 

Make sure to control the discharge by applying steady pressure.

Sweep Side to Side

Sweep the nozzle or hose from side to side at the base of the fire. 

Continue this motion until the fire is completely out. 

Be thorough and ensure the fire doesn’t reignite.

Safety Precautions

• Stay Alert: Always keep an eye on the fire, even after it seems to be extinguished.

• Maintain Distance: Stand at a safe distance from the fire, typically about 8-10 feet, and move closer as the fire diminishes.

• Know When to Evacuate: If the fire becomes uncontrollable or spreads rapidly, evacuate immediately and call emergency services.

What are the Main Causes of Electrical Fires?

Electrical fires are a common and dangerous type of household fire. 

Understanding their causes can help in preventing them.

Faulty Wiring

Old, damaged, or improperly installed wiring is a leading cause of electrical fires. 

Over time, wires can degrade, leading to exposed or frayed wires that can spark and ignite surrounding materials. 

Additionally, amateur electrical work can create unsafe conditions that may result in fires.

Overloaded Circuits

Plugging too many devices into a single outlet or power strip can overload circuits. 

This overload causes excessive heat, which can melt the wiring and start a fire. 

Using high-wattage appliances on circuits not designed to handle them is particularly risky.

Faulty Appliances

Defective or poorly maintained appliances can also spark electrical fires. 

Appliances with damaged cords or internal electrical faults can overheat and ignite. 

Regular maintenance and prompt repairs are essential to keep appliances safe.

Extension Cords

Improper use of extension cords is another common cause. 

Extension cords can overheat if used to power high-wattage appliances or if they are used for long periods. 

Running extension cords under carpets or through doorways can damage them, increasing the fire risk.

Space Heaters

Space heaters are often used to provide additional warmth but can be dangerous if not used correctly. 

Placing them too close to flammable materials or leaving them unattended can cause fires. 

Heaters with faulty thermostats or those left on for too long are particularly hazardous.

Light Fixtures

Using incorrect bulb wattage in light fixtures can lead to overheating. 

Exceeding the recommended wattage can cause the light fixture to overheat, melt, and potentially ignite surrounding materials. 

Ensure all bulbs match the recommended wattage for your fixtures.

Electrical Outlets

Loose or worn-out electrical outlets can cause arcing, where electricity jumps from one connection to another. 

This arcing can generate heat and ignite nearby materials. 

Ensuring outlets are securely fitted and in good condition helps prevent this risk.

What to do if There is an Electrical Fire?

If there is an electrical fire, use these steps to stay as safe as possible: 

Stay Calm and Assess the Situation

If an electrical fire starts, staying calm is crucial. 

Panicking can lead to mistakes and make the situation worse. 

Quickly assess the severity of the fire. If it is small and manageable, you might be able to extinguish it safely.

Disconnect Power

If it is safe to do so, disconnect the power source to the electrical device causing the fire. 

This can often be done by unplugging the device or turning off the power at the circuit breaker. 

Cutting off the power source can help stop the fire from spreading.

Use the Right Extinguisher

Use a Dry Powder or CO2 fire extinguisher, which is designed for electrical fires. 

Remember to use the PASS technique: Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, and Sweep from side to side.

Evacuate if Necessary

If the fire is too large or out of control, evacuate immediately. 

Do not try to extinguish a fire that is spreading rapidly or producing a lot of smoke. 

Make sure everyone in the building is aware of the fire and evacuates safely. 

Close doors behind you as you leave to help contain the fire.

Call Emergency Services

Once you are safely outside, call the emergency services number. 

Provide the dispatcher with your location and details about the fire. 

Do not assume someone else has already called. 

Emergency responders have the equipment and expertise to handle electrical fires safely.

Do Not Use Water

Never use water to extinguish an electrical fire. 

Water conducts electricity, which can cause electric shock and make the fire worse. 

It is essential to use only the appropriate fire extinguishers.

Wait for Professionals

Wait for the fire department to handle the situation. 

They have the necessary training and equipment to extinguish electrical fires safely and prevent them from reigniting.

Conclusion

Electrical fires can be dangerous, but knowing how to prevent and respond to them can save lives and property. 

Use CO2 extinguishers for electrical fires and follow the PASS technique for effective use. 

Regularly inspect your home for potential fire hazards, maintain electrical equipment, and never use water on an electrical fire. 

By staying informed and prepared, you can protect your home and loved ones from the dangers of electrical fires.